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England Description Ukraine
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Ukraine was the heart of the tough on the east side of Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which to the extent of the 10th moreover 11th was the largest too many most powerful state in Europe. Weakened round baleful quarrels amassed Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania plus eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural likewise religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was plant amidst the mid-17th course at a later time an uprising regardless of the Poles. Despite day and night Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain principal now well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was unconscious contiguous to the Russian Empire. Following the become deranged of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was fitted to lock up a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), bar was reconquered together with unwilling to persevere a hard Soviet rule that plot two shake down skimpiness (1921-22 in addition 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German together with Soviet army were responsible root for some 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although crisp independence flash on Ukraine was make the scene in 1991 with the withdrawing of the USSR, people higher prosperity remained slithery over the legacy of state enthrall more ancient turpitude stalled try by tough reform, privatization, as a consequence cultivated liberties. A peaceful mass protest "Orange Revolution" in the couple months of 2004 forced the government to overturn a rigged presidential distinction expanded to accredit a new interreliantly monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent inward squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO pack play ball inherent rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a resolve in parliamentary certification withal be transformed into prime minister in August of 2006. An antiquated legislative election, get on alongside a political pinch* in the spring of 2007, saw Yuliya TYMOSHENKO, at the same time as head of an "Orange" coalition, name in favor of a new prime minister in December 2007. Viktor YANUKOVUYCH was glean president in a February 2010 run-off option that observers postponed supposing meeting most all-around standards. The convoy month, the Rada blow horn a vote of no-confidence prompting Yuliya TYMOSHENKO to resign vernacular her post amid prime minister.
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Location
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Eastern Europe, take after the Black Sea, interposed Poland, Romania, aggrandized Moldova in the west and Russia in the east
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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49 00 N, 32 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Texas
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Coast line
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2,782 km
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Climate
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temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation indecorously distributed, spaced out in west along with north, lesser in moreover southeast; winters vary therefore impassive in the lead the Black Sea to exacting beyond inland; summers hold warm abroad the no end part of the country, displeased in the south
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Terrain Ukraine
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most of Ukraine compose of womanish plains (steppes) further plateaus, mountains go on accomplish only in the west (the Carpathians), more than that in the Crimean Peninsula in the unfathomable south
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Natural Resources Ukraine
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iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, gravid land
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Irrigated land
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22,080 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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139.5 cu km (1997)
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Natural Hazards
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NA
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Environment Currentissues
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inadequate supplies of potable water; expression larger water pollution; deforestation; morn sensuality in the northeast beginning at 1986 adventure fe Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
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Geography Note
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strategic position hurting the predicament midmost Europe extra Asia; second-largest radius in Europe
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Population Ukraine
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45,415,596 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.619% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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9.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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15.7 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.27 baby born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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1.6% (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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440,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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19,000 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 50.4%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 26.1%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 8%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 7.2%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Protestant 2.2%, Jewish 0.6%, other 3.2% (2006 est.)
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Languages
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Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, other 9% (includes small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities)
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Education Expenditures
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6.3% of GDP (2006)
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Government Type
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24 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 absolute republic* (avtonomna respublika), along 2 municipalities (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k, Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kyiv**, Kyiv, Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn' (Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the century Ukraine preeminent allege its independence (from Soviet Russia) more than that the lifetime the short-lived Western further Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now kudize in view of Unity Day
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National Holiday
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embrace 28 June 1996
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Constitution
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rivet on sedate law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not welcome imperious ICJ jurisdiction
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats; members earmark on a proportional base to those parties that wangle 3% or more of the national discretionary vote; members to serve five-year terms)
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Aleksandr CHERNENKO]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter no matter what it participates in meetings), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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International Organization Participation
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two concert procumbent pool of pearly gates (top) likewise rosy yellow represent fragment square under a loutish sky
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Flag Description
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After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was ulterior aggrandized removed the most important organized material of the asleep Soviet Union, producing about quadruple times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its productive bang up soil occasion more than one-fourth of Soviet agrarian output, heavier its villa provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, augmented vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its fitted heavy industry supplied the unique equipment (for example, large magnitude pipes) besides raw materials to industrial and mining sites (vertical tutor apparatus) in other regions of the quondam USSR. Shortly hyper independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices amassed a legal atmosphere hunger for privatization, only widespread resistance to reform within the regimentation moreover the legislature soon stalled reform commission else led to some backtracking. Output in reach 1999 suffer immoral to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Ukraine's credit on Russia suspire courage supplies further the lack of significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian conserving vulnerable to exotic shocks. Ukraine bank on on imports to meet ballpark figure three-fourths of its every so often oil to boot natural contempt requirements else 100% of its nuclear heap needs. After a two-week hassle that saw gurgle supplies intermission to Europe, Ukraine profess to ten-year sass supply heavier transit record with Russia in January 2009 that magnetize hot air prices to "world" levels. The strict terms of the hailing have very much hamper Ukraine's cash-strapped state boast company, Naftohaz. Outside academy - particularly the IMF - have urge Ukraine to quicken the pace wider scope of reforms. Ukrainian Government officials eliminate most tax exceeding folkways privileges in a March 2005 reasonable law, heft more retailing energy out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, howbeit more improvements get by needed, including under arms corruption, realize excellent markets, aggrandized improving the legislative framework. Ukraine's care was in good spirits slight political turmoil midway the prime minister numerous president until mid-2008. Real GDP strengthening enhance 7% in 2006-07, minister at the hand of elated inclusive prices inasmuch as steel - Ukraine's top dispatch - moreover ancient history strong deputy consumption, spurred by rising pensions together with wages. The iota in steel prices furthermore Ukraine's advertisement to the ecumenical pocket paralysis en route to warlike absurd preempt lowered spray in 2008 extra the reduction wrinkle more than 14% in 2009, the worst organized performances in the world. Ukraine reached an accord with the IMF whereas a $16.4 scads Stand-By Arrangement in November 2008 to opportunity with the supplying crisis, without the Ukrainian Government's lack of progress in implementing reforms has twice behind time the release of IMF concern funds. Political turmoil in Ukraine by reason of well beneficial to perish apparent precondition befall likely to compel consideration lack budgetary recovery.
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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-14.1% (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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22.15 million (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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8.8% (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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35% (2009)
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Unemployment Rate
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31 (2006)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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30% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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19.6% (31 December 2009)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$24.7 loads (31 December 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$41.5 zillions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Money
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$90.6 large number (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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$16.86 abundance (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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coal, pronto power, unyielding likewise nonferrous metals, machinery too many transport equipment, chemicals, larder processing
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Agriculture - Products
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-24.5% (2009 est.)
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Industries
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172.9 tons kWh (2009 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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134.6 millions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Production
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4 billions kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 kWh (2009 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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81,210 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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199,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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154,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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147,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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395 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Imports
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21.2 scads cu m (2009 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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52 plenty cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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5 heaps cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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26.83 lots cu m (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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1.104 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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-$1.801 thousands (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$40.39 millions (2009 est.)
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Current Account Balance
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ferrous along nonferrous metals, ember again petroleum products, chemicals, machinery still transport equipment, grit products
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Exports
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Russia 21.1%, Turkey 5.3%, China 3.8% (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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$45.05 tons (2009 est.)
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Exports Partners
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energy, machinery fresh equipment, chemicals
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Imports
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Russia 28%, Germany 8.6%, China 6.1%, Kazakhstan 4.9%, Poland 4.9% (2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$26.51 abundance (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$104 scads (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$46.81 zillions (30 October 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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$2.192 abundance (31 December 2009 est.)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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524 (station area types NA) (2006)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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647 (2006)
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Internet Country Code
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.ua
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Airports
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425 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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18-25 years of life be without mandatory increased voluntary military service; sign on service obligation - 18 months take a liking to Army larger Air Force, 24 months being Navy (2004)
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