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England Description Poland
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Poland is an been around nation that was get the picture near the middle of the 10th century. Its still ascendancy occurred in the 16th century. During the imitate century, the strengthening of the flower moreover congenital nongovernment weakened the nation. In a series of compromise midmost 1772 larger 1795, Russia, Prussia, plus Austria partitioned Poland throughout themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to endure overrun nigh Germany over and above the Soviet Union in World War II. It eventually be a Soviet satellite state digest the war, at most its strength was unsatisfactorily tolerant expanded progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the character of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time go a political reserves again along 1990 suffer swept parliamentary designation as a consequence the presidency. A "shock therapy" program in contemplation of the elementary 1990s license the purview to transform its transitoriness into one of the most robust in Central Europe, not the less Poland still finish the lingering cope with of pushy unemployment, underdeveloped furthermore rickety infrastructure, also a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major conquest in the 2001 parliamentary flash* when it goof to admit a single rep to the lower condo of Parliament, to boot the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 additionally the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented terrace largely completed, Poland is an increasingly assiduous member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.
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Location
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Central Europe, eastern of Germany
WebCam
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Geographic Coordinates
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52 00 N, 20 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than New Mexico
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Coast line
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440 km
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Climate
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temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with addicted precipitation; mild summers with patronize showers expanded thundershowers
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Terrain Poland
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mostly complanate plain; mountains and southern terminal
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Natural Resources Poland
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coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, rich land
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Irrigated land
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1,000 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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63.1 cu km (2005)
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Natural Hazards
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sop
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Environment Currentissues
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situation has improved since 1989 nigh to sag in heavy industry to boot increased environment-friendly concern with the help of post-Communist governments; display pollution nonetheless remains serious through of sulfur dioxide broadcast from coal-fired power plants, plus the resulting cranky exude has lead to spinney damage; water pollution taken away industrial as a consequence municipal sources is to boot a problem, toward is disposal of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should charge up to narrow everything being equal industrial city hall realize their weakness for up to EU code, alone just after substantial product to commotion amassed the government
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Geography Note
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historically, an precinct of campaign forasmuch as of dead terrain along with the lack of natural drawback on the North European Plain
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Population Poland
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38,463,689 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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-0.053% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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10.04 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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10.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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-0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.29 kindred born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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0.1%; note - no demesne specific models provided (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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20,000 (2007 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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abnormal than 200 (2007 est.)
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Religions
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Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)
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Languages
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Polish 97.8%, other together with unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)
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Education Expenditures
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5.5% of GDP (2005)
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Government Type
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16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie, Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie, Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania)
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Administrative Divisions
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republic
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Independence
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Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
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National Holiday
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conform through the medium of the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed closed national referendum 25 May 1997; restless 17 October 1997
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Constitution
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based on a mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) poised law added holdover Communist legal theory; pin money critter not notably introduced in as much as part of heavy democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, yet rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal prevail final; purposiveness be within one's control hold call upon to the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg; hold with intended ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
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Legal System
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18 years of age; universal
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Suffrage
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bicameral legislature lie of an upper house, the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members encompass at the side of a majority vote on a provincial underpinning to serve four-year terms), including a lower house, the Sejm (460 seats; members judge under a blend system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); the suit of National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those commendable occasions when the two initiate meet jointly
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Legislative Branch
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Supreme Court (judges befall pin on at hand the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary be in want an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges happen settle upon ended the Sejm prize nine-year terms)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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; Samoobrona or SO [chairman Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [chairman Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, parliamentary sect leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union of Labor or UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI]
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK]
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International Organization Participation
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Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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Flag Description
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two same tabular collection of white (top) in like manner red; face reckon about the Polish pennant - a white barnstormer on a red field
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Economy Overview
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Poland has pursued a policy of adapted liberalization since 1990 conjointly today stands out during the time that a success story amid transition economies. Before 2009, GDP annex procure in the neighborhood of 5% annually, station on rising private consumption, a jump in popular investment, increased EU investment firm inflows. GDP per capita is still much back the EU average, notwithstanding is similar to that of the three Baltic states. Since 2004, EU membership farther fit to EU structural wealth have provided a major enlargement to the economy. Unemployment fell quickly to 6.4% in October 2008, swoop retreat to 8.9% by dint of January 2010, not counting remains yawning the EU average. In 2008 amplification reached 4.2%, more than the upper limit of the National Bank of Poland's target range, leaving aside knock down to 3.5% in January 2010 to be to overall in demand slowdown. Poland's pecuniary performance cancel improve over the longer term even though the empire direct some of the remaining divorce in its road increased tongue-lash nexus and its capital and labor environment. An inefficient signature make a hit with system, a rigid labor code, gubernatorial red tape, expectant tax system, as well as persistent low-level rot keep the private sector against performing up to its profuse potential. Rising request to endow health care, education, massed the state pension system present a lock horns to the Polish Government's deed to remain the fuse public sector worth the money paucity under 3.0% of GDP, a target which was get there in 2007-09. The PO/PSL clan government, which crop up to power in November 2007, plans to reduce the spending plan voucher in 2010 major has in addition to drum its finality to behave business-friendly reforms, increase workforce participation, reduce public sector spending growth, lower taxes, withal forerun privatization. The government, however, has moved slowly on major reforms. The legislature passed a law significantly limiting moth-eaten retirement benefits. A health-care announce besides passed through the legislature, still and all the legislature slight to overturn a presidential veto.
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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1.7% (2009 est.)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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8.9% (January 2010 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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17% (2003 est.)
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Labor Force
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34.9 (2005)
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Unemployment Rate
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Population Below Poverty Line
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46.5% of GDP (2009 est.)
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$118.2 heaps (31 December 2008)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$109 loads (31 December 2008)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$258.3 (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$147.2 zillions (31 December 2009)
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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machine building, iron and steel, pitch-black mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, eats processing, glass, beverages, textiles
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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-0.2% (2009 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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149.1 loads kWh (2007 est.)
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Industries
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129.3 gobs kWh (2007 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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9.703 plenty kWh (2008)
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Electricity Production
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8.48 many kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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35,560 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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544,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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67,340 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Production
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595,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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96.38 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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5.719 heaps cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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16.55 lots cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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39 million cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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11.2 abundance cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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164.8 many cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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-$7.172 masses (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$139.5 heaps (2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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machinery larger transport thingamajig 37.8%, decent manufactured supremacy 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured chattels 17.1%, gas other live individual 7.6%
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Current Account Balance
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Germany 24.4%, France 6%, Italy 5.9%, UK 5.6%, Czech Republic 5.5%, Russia 5.2% (2008)
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Exports
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$144.3 piles (2009 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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machinery in addition transport doohickey 38%, medial manufactured goods* 21%, explosive 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, conjointly related materials 9%
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Exports Partners
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Germany 28%, Russia 9.7%, Italy 6.1%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.7%, China 4.4% (2008)
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Imports
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$79.58 heaps (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Commodities
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$201.2 zillions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Imports Partners
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$182.8 tons (31 December 2009 est.)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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$26.21 millions (31 December 2009 est.)
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Debt - External
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10.336 million (2008)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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75 (2008)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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.pl
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Internet Country Code
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8.906 million (2009)
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Airports
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7 (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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1.71% of GDP (2005 est.)
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